The first risk that Gates singles out is the speed of economic disruption. According to him, artificial intelligence has the potential to fundamentally change the nature of work, affecting jobs in almost all industries. Of particular concern is the possibility that even white-collar jobs, traditionally protected from automation, could become threatened.

Another problem is the issue of control. As artificial intelligence becomes more advanced, it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure that it remains aligned with human values ​​and interests. This includes the challenges of developing systems that will not deviate from the goals that humans have set for them.

The third risk concerns the misuse of technology by malicious actors. Gates warns of the possibility that criminals or states could use artificial intelligence for cyberattacks, the creation of biological weapons, and even to threaten national security.

Gates particularly emphasizes this third risk, describing it as the key challenge of our time.

“How to limit the dangers of these technologies while harnessing their benefits?” This question, he says, is at the heart of the book. Controlling abuses, he says, is the foundation for building trust and stability, which are essential to addressing other issues related to AI and biotechnology.

Mustafa Suleiman, the book’s author, does not offer a definitive solution, but he does propose a series of measures that include technical solutions, such as the immediate shutdown of AI systems, as well as major institutional changes. He advocates global agreements, modernizing regulatory frameworks, and historic cooperation between governments, companies, and scientists. However, Gates acknowledges that such plans seem ambitious and that the question arises as to whether the world can implement them in time.

Despite the risks he sees in the development of AI, Gates remains optimistic.

“Advances in artificial intelligence and biotechnology could bring breakthroughs in treatments for deadly diseases, innovative solutions to climate change, and quality education for all,” he wrote.

However, he points out that true optimism is not blind faith, but the ability to recognize the risks and benefits, while actively working towards a better future.